Given that 3-IAA is a metabolite originating from the amino acid tryptophan, the derivatives of which are known to bind the AhR receptor, which are activated in tumor-associated macrophages, the study demonstrated first of all that 3-IAA binds AhR and, secondly, that 3-IAA exerts its tumor-suppressive effect by activating AhR (as demonstrated by knocking down the AhR gene). Here, AHR is linked to neoplasm.