TBX1 and neoplasm: Additionally, various metabolites of this abnormal metabolic microenvironment, including lactic acid, amino acids, fatty acids, etc., serve as signal molecules to further regulate metabolic reprogramming and intercellular communication of non-tumor cells, among which CAFs activation is closely related to the remodeling of the mechanical microenvironment, constituting a complex regulatory network of non-tumor cells, metabolic microenvironment, and mechanical microenvironment, which ultimately leads to the resistance of immunotherapy [58,59].