AHR and metabolic syndrome: Central to all symptoms of MetS are the production of trimethylamine (TMA) from L-carnithine, which is oxidized in the liver into atherosclerogenic trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO); imidazole propionate (ImP), which activates the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway involved in insulin resistance; and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists that activates AhR and regulates the immune system Figure 2 [78].