This trend was confirmed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, comprising 363 astrocytomas (65 AG2, 131 AG3, and 167 GBM), where TFAM expression was again significantly higher in both AG2 (p < 0.0001) and AG3 (p = 0.0006) relative to GBM (Figure 1B). Here, TFAM is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).