INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In hepatic metabolism and NAFLD, they influence key pathways: circRNA_0046367 sponges miR-34a to enhance PPARα and lipid oxidation, reducing liver fat; circRNA_021412 binds miR-1972, protecting mitochondrial and lipid genes from lipotoxicity; cdr1as sponges miR-7, affecting insulin, lipid storage, and inflammation.