Granulosa cells from individuals with PCOS demonstrated increased levels of ferrous iron (Fe2+) and malondialdehyde (MDA), along with overexpression of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) and concurrent downregulation of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) and GPX4 [47]. Here, GPX4 is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.