Another study indicated that a decreased count of CD4+ naïve T lymphocyte was independently linked to cardiovascular events (coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, peripheral arterial disease), while a low CD8+ naïve count was independently associated with severe infection episodes (infectious diseases necessitating intravenous antibiotics in hospital or emergency ward) in patients on HD [43]. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and infectious disease.