GPC1 and ovarian carcinoma: This approach aligns with similar advancements in other cancer types, such as the identification of glypican-1-positive exosomes for early detection of pancreatic cancer [34], and the development of a urine exosome gene expression assay for high-grade prostate cancer detection [35], along with the use of exosomal microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in ovarian cancer [36].