Compared with monoculture, psoriasis-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PsO-MSCs) co-cultured with healthy donor MSCs (H-MSCs) secreted substantially lower levels of hallmark psoriatic pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, TNF, and G-CSF) [87]. Here, TNF is linked to psoriasis.