PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: The main risk factors for MASLD include metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hypertension [10], genetic variants such as the isoleucine to methionine substitution at position 148 in the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 protein (PNPLA3-I148M) [9], and lifestyle habits including Western diets and physical inactivity [13].