The initial report indicated that NRTI, NNRTI, INSTI or protease inhibitor-based HAART exposure for at least three years was associated with raised levels of MPO that are consistent with increased markers of endothelial dysfunction, such as sE-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 in PLWH [36,39]. This evidence concerns the gene MPO and endothelial dysfunction.