TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: However, in obesity, there is an increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-6, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), while the secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines like adiponectin is reduced [21,26,27] (Figure 1).