Looking ahead, three priorities can accelerate translation: biomarker-stratified development aligning chemotypes with tumor biology (ER status, HRD/BRCA, PI3K/PTEN, MDR/autophagy phenotypes); mechanism-consistent combinations (PARP, mTOR or immune-checkpoint inhibitors) coupled to exposure–response confirmation of on-target action; and delivery- and exposure-focused optimisation to maximize intratumoral levels while managing efflux and DDI liabilities. This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and neoplasm.