CD8A and cancer: Regarding patient backgrounds, patients with a higher prevalence of anaerobic bacteria, such as Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, and Selenomonas, had more advanced cancer stages, shorter RFS, and a higher frequency of PD-1+Tim3+ expression in CD8+ T cells (Supplementary Tables S2-4, Supplementary Fig. S1a–c, S3a–c).