In this context, the use of a three-gene transcriptional biomarker comprising concentrations of mRNA genes for guanylate binding protein 5 (GBP5), dual specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3) and Krüppel-like transcription factor 2 (KLF2) has emerged as a promising signature for TB diagnosis due to its specificity and sensitivity36–38. The gene discussed is GBP5; the disease is tuberculosis.