ZBTB16 and cancer: P058 represented a unique opportunity to determine the phylogenetic relation of sensitive blasts (i.e. ZBTB16− blasts that disappeared during induction) and refractory ZBTB16+ blasts, enabling us to determine whether ZBTB16+ blasts evolved directly from ZBTB16− blasts, or represented an independent, parallel cancer lineage in this child (Fig. 5A).