HIF1A and Alzheimer disease: At the same time, we identified hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1A), regulated by both JUND and BACH1, as down-regulated in PiD (FDR-adjusted P = 4.35 × 10−6; table S4A) but not statistically significant in AD, which may align with previous reports suggesting that the loss of HIF1A within astrocytes protects neurons from cell death (78).