MAPT and multiple sclerosis: These include stroke, where disrupted fluid exchange contributes to neuroinflammation and secondary injury [74,75]; multiple sclerosis, in which inflammation and demyelination can impair astrocyte function and disrupt the perivascular clearance system, potentially hindering the removal of inflammatory mediators and metabolic waste [76,77]; neurodegenerative proteinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease; and traumatic brain injury, which are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins like α-synuclein and tau [7,75].