GSEA data revealed significant enrichment of interferon (IFN)-related pathways and viral infection-associated signaling, highlighting their critical roles in the observed biological response (Fig. 4c and Table S3). GSEA identified a robust and statistically significant upregulation of interferon (IFN)-associated pathways, most notably the RESPONSE TO TYPE I INTERFERON (Normalized Enrichment Score, NES = 2.42; False Discovery Rate, FDR = 0) and the INTERFERON MEDIATED SIGNALING PATHWAY (NES = 2.31, FDR = 2.46 × 10–4). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is viral infectious disease.