The clinical significance of ICI-related hepatitis is underscored by its contribution to fatal irAEs: a meta-analysis and subsequent research revealed that among 333 anti-PD-1/PD-L1-related deaths, hepatitis accounted for 22.5% (75 cases), second only to pneumonitis (Wolchok et al., 2010; Hodi et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and hepatitis A virus infection.