MALAT1 and gastric cancer: For example, exosomes derived from M2-polarized TAMs deliver MALAT1 into gastric cancer cells, which promotes glycolysis through dual mechanisms: it blocks the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of β-catenin (by inhibiting β-TRCP), thereby activating the Wnt pathway; and it acts as a molecular sponge for miR-217-5p, lifting suppression of HIF-1α expression.