MTOR and lung carcinoma: The potential prognostic value of mTOR, a protein kinase, and its activated form phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) has been extensively studied across various cancers, including lung cancer [22], other cancer types [23–27], and urological cancers [28].The mTOR signaling pathway is closely associated with growth factors, nutrients, and energy availability governing cell survival, growth, proliferation, and death.