NR4A1 and Hyperglycemia: As transcription factors, nuclear receptors such as PPARs and Nur77 directly regulate the expression of key enzymes and pathways involved in glucose metabolism [40, 41].PPARγ modulates genes associated with glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and insulin sensitivity by recruiting coactivators or corepressors, thereby influencing cellular glucose uptake and utilization.Nur77 deficiency can lead to dysregulation of glucose metabolism, manifested as hyperglycemia, reduced insulin secretion, and β-cell dysfunction.