Of note, both VEGF-A and CXCL13 are known inducer of BBB disruption [22, 23] while CXCR5, the receptor for CXCL13, is linked to hippocampal neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in animal models of sepsis [24] and surgery [25]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL13 and Cognitive impairment.