Finally, we verified that the seven HE-restricted genes in combination with Runx1 can be used as an eight-gene HE-selective gene signature to identify cells with HE characteristics across independent mouse intra-embryonic (AGM)26,30,36 and extra-embryonic (YS)37,38 scRNA-seq EHT datasets (Fig. 5e). The gene discussed is RUNX1; the disease is hereditary elliptocytosis.