VSIG4 and renal fibrosis: To evaluate the predictive role of biomarkers, in the GSE76882 dataset, the ROC curve showed that ARHGAP9, CD3G, ISG20, SFN, and VSIG4 had high specificity and sensitivity for renal fibrosis, with AUC values of 0.65, 0.63, 0.71, 0.75, and 0.67, respectively, and the combined AUC value of the five genes was 0.767 (Fig 5A‒B).