Integrating multi-omics approaches, we reveal that SFPS enriches beneficial taxa like Akkermansia while suppressing obesity-linked bacteria like Actinobacteria, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Bifidobacteriaceae; modulates cholesterol metabolism through gene regulation (e.g., downregulating Srebf1 and upregulating Mt1); and enhances bile acid excretion. The gene discussed is SREBF1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.