CD86 and atherosclerosis: While therapies targeting ICP, such as inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cluster of differentiation 80 (CD80)/CD86/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), have transformed cancer treatment, increasing evidence suggests that ICPs are also involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and atherosclerosis.2