HGS and neoplasm: Further studies showed that the C-terminal structural domain of HGS (HGS/C) and its derived oligopeptide OP12-462 could effectively antagonize the pro-tumorigenic effects of HGS, significantly inhibit the activation of the above signaling pathways, and suppress tumor growth by inhibiting the anchorage-independent growth ability of cancer cells rather than directly destroying cancer cells (Ogura et al., 2025).