Concurrently, as shown by Li et al. (2023), low-dose 5-aza-CdR synergizes with PD-1 blockade by hypomethylating exhaustion-related genes (e.g., JunD), thereby sustaining the clonal expansion of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells and preserving their progenitor-like proliferative capacity. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.