Other models, expressing PTEN missense variants found in PHTS such as F341V (Caserta et al., 2015), and non-pathogenic mutations such as K13R, Y240F and D384V (Igarashi et al., 2018; Ma et al., 2019), that do not affect the catalytic functions of PTEN but impact its nuclear/sub-cellular localisation, have also been developed, but there are limited or no patient data for these individual variants (Table 1; Table S1). The gene discussed is PTEN; the disease is PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.