Overall, at the cellular level, TNC-CAR-Ms suppress HSC activation and ECM deposition through phagocytosis (at a 10:1 E/T ratio) and the recruitment of M2-polarized macrophages and CD8+ T cells, and at the molecular level, TNC-CAR-Ms alleviate liver fibrosis via the TLR4/NF-κB and integrin/FAK signaling pathways (Fig. 8). Here, NFKB1 is linked to Hepatic fibrosis.