TLR4 and neoplasm: Lei et al. [43] designed a second-generation CAR-Ms system by fusing the CD3ζ sequence with the intracellular Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain of TLR4, and discovered that the CAR modification enables induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CAR-Ms to exhibit antigen-dependent M1 polarization characteristics, enabling not only the phagocytosis of tumor cells but also the regulation of the tumor microenvironment.