A 2010 study by Kido et al. examined the expression of TSPY in the progression of PC by comparing un-diseased, latent, and clinically symptomatic PC specimens; latent specimens (those typically collected after patient death or unrelated surgery due to being too early in the disease process to produce symptoms the precipitate diagnostic testing) [132], were used as the surrogate of early-stage/cancer initiation and tended to have low Gleason scores and PSA levels [127]. Here, TSPY1 is linked to pachyonychia congenita.