TMPRSS11B and neoplasm: Given the role of TMPRSS11B in promoting lactate export and the ability of lactate to promote polarization of macrophages to the M2-subtype (Bohn et al, 2018; Li et al, 2023; Shan et al, 2020; Zhang and Li, 2020), we hypothesized that the infiltration of M2-like macrophages in Tmprss11b-high squamous tumors was associated with elevated levels of lactate in the tumor microenvironment.