CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Currently, immunotherapy has become the backbone of lung cancer treatment.1,2 Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, have become the first-line standard of care for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lacking driver gene alterations.3,4