GFAP demonstrated the highest AUC among p-tau181, p-tau231 and NfL in predicting clinical outcomes (aDS vs. dDS; AUC, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93–0.96) and identifying abnormal Aβ status (AUC, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83–0.93) within the DS cohort (Supplementary Figs. S1–S4). Here, GFAP is linked to Dravet syndrome.