ATXN3 and Machado-Joseph disease: Another study, using brain samples and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from SCA3/MJD patients, found a dysregulation of other ATXN3-interacting miRNAs, such as miR-9, miR-181a, and miR-494, which may additionally contribute to transcriptional dysregulation, and consequently to disease progression [274].