Moreover, the Western Blot results showed that the levels of α-SMA, collagen I, collagen III, p-PKC, p-p38, p-Smad2/3 and the nuclear c-Jun were much lower, and CHIP expression was higher in the CFs of NE + SIL group compared with that in NE group (Fig. 7e). Here, SMAD2 is linked to squamous cell intraepithelial neoplasia.