CD274 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: However, other treatment guidelines, such as the Japanese Esophageal Society in their 2022 EC practice guidelines, advocate for the combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as preferred first-line therapy for advanced ESCC, regardless of PD-L1 expression levels [29].