This study not only addressed how PD-L1 expression levels influence the efficacy of adding anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy to first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced ESCC, but also investigated whether different chemotherapy regimens affect the benefits conferred by the addition of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.