Inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosisDownregulates Wnt growth factor and β-catenin, increasing the expression of Axin-1.Reduces phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, inhibiting protein synthesis and tumor cell growth.Downregulates Shh and Smo proteins.Increases ROS levels, promoting apoptosis.Activates caspase-8 and downstream caspase-3 promotes cell death. Here, SHH is linked to neoplasm.