A four-autoantibody panel (tumor protein 53 [p53]/Sex-Determining Region Y-Box Transcription Factor 2 [SOX2]/G antigen 7 [GAGE7]/Glycosylated β-subunit 4–5 [GBU4-5]) detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) distinguished early-stage lung cancer from benign nodules with AUC 0.764, outperforming single-marker tests and establishing a multiplexed model that balances sensitivity (0.478) and specificity (0.814) (91). Here, TP53 is linked to lung cancer.