These CHF patients were older and had a higher prevalence of preexisting comorbidities, including MI, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), complicated diabetes mellitus, uncomplicated diabetes mellitus, renal disease, and abnormal liver function [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)], compared with those without CHF (n = 4,170). The gene discussed is GPT; the disease is vascular disorder.