The formation of amyloids in the pancreatic islets is one of the key pathological features of type 2 diabetes.1,2 These amyloids are predominantly composed of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), a 37-amino-acid hormone co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells.3–5 The secretory granules of the β-cells are the primary site for processing both proinsulin and proIAPP.6,7 As shown in Fig. 1a, IAPP is synthesized as a 67-residue prohormone with mature hIAPP located in the central segment. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.