ANO1 is also involved in PVSMC proliferation and hyperexpression of ANO1 facilitates PVSMC proliferation in vitro but inhibits PVSMC proliferation from portal hypertensive rats in vivo, suggesting that ANO1 may also be a negative modulator of PVSMC proliferation under the influence of multiple in vivo factors (62). This evidence concerns the gene ANO1 and portal hypertension.