However, the occurrence of POAF also involves multi-system interactions: surgical trauma activates systemic inflammatory responses (such as increased IL-6 and CRP), inflammatory factors damage atrial myocytes through oxidative stress (11); intraoperative thoracic operations may directly stretch the pericardium, inducing autonomic nervous imbalance (31); postoperative electrolyte disorders (hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia) further aggravate electrophysiological instability [reference]. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and Hypokalemia.