DKK3 and neoplasm: NDs upregulated hamartin (TSC1), which has documented neuroprotective and tumor suppressing properties and negatively modulates pro-survival mTOR pathway.111 Additionally, NDM significantly elevated WNT/β-catenin downregulator – Dickkopf-related protein 3 (DKK3).112 NDs modulated the expression of proteins directly and indirectly involved in the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway.