Using human brain organoid models derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with targeted knockout of the CNTNAP2 gene, which is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it was revealed that CNTNAP2-deficient brain organoids exhibit abnormalities such as accelerated cell cycle, increased cortical folding, disrupted glutamatergic/GABAergic synaptic pathways, and upregulation of AKT/mTOR signaling (106). The gene discussed is CNTNAP2; the disease is autism spectrum disorder.