More recently, inhibitors of PD-1 and PDL-1 (and CTLA-4, i.e., nivolumab-ipilimumab) have shown activity in pleural mesothelioma and at least one confirmed partial response in MTVT, implying that the latter may represent a reasonable off-label choice in a subset of patients who have failed standard therapies [17,18]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is pleural mesothelioma.