CD8A and cancer: In the dataset GSE176078 we obtained 29 cell clusters by filtering the data, dimensionality reduction analysis, and then clustering the cells using the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) method (Fig. 6A), and further manually annotating the resulting cell clusters, and finally obtaining 9 clusters of cells respectively were Epithelial cell, Cancer cell, Fibroblast, B cell, Macrophage, Endothelial cell, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, Basal cell (Fig. 6B).