NFE2L2 (NRF2) encodes the master redox transcription factor NRF2, which binds AREs to induce cytoprotective genes (e.g., HMOX1/HO-1, GCL, NQO1); in COVID-19, multiple groups show suppression of NRF2 signalling in patient tissues and models, and that pharmacologic NRF2 activation (e.g., dimethyl fumarate, 4-octyl-itaconate) exerts antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, linking weaker NRF2 tone to worse disease biology. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and COVID-19.