MAPT and Alzheimer disease: The detection of Aβ plaques in individuals without the disease prompted the consideration of alternative theories concerning the fundamental cause of AD, such as the cholinergic hypothesis, Aβ oligomer hypothesis, tau hypothesis, mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, calcium homeostasis hypothesis, neurovascular hypothesis, inflammatory hypothesis, metal ion hypothesis, lymphatic system hypothesis, microbial hypothesis, and others (Bagheri et al., 2022; Bagheri et al., 2024; Liu et al., 2019).